Operators of critical infrastructure and public authorities need to know exactly how a system works, how data is processed, and how updates are managed. Full control over development and production gives us the ability to guarantee system integrity, long-term support, and compliance with European safety and data protection standards. In the end, this control is not a matter of convenience—it is a prerequisite for dependable, mission-critical performance.
By: Nermin Kabahija; E-mail: editorial@asadria.com
a&s Adria: Mr. Fiessler, to begin with, could you briefly introduce yourself to our readers? What is your professional background and the career path that led you to IQ Technologies for Earth and Space?
Fiessler: My name is Thomas Fiessler and I am responsible for global sales of our leading early wildfire detection system IQ FireWatch at IQ Technologies for Earth and Space GmbH for many years now. My professional background is rooted in international technology sales and business development, with a strong focus on safety-critical solutions. I work closely with public authorities, with selected international distribution partners and industrial customers to translate complex detection technologies into reliable, operational systems.
Wildfires pose an increasing risk to critical infrastructure such as power grids, transport corridors, and industrial sites. At IQ Technologies, my role is to develop customer-specific early detection concepts that enable fast situational awareness, protect critical assets, and integrate seamlessly into existing security and command environments.
a&s Adria: The company has a long tradition and a strong technical heritage. How would you briefly present IQ Technologies for Earth and Space and the key areas in which you operate today?
Fiessler: IQ Technologies for Earth and Space GmbH, formerly known as IQ wireless GmbH, is headquartered in Berlin and was founded in 1999. With a team of over 50 highly specialized employees, the company continuously develops, manufactures, and tests advanced hardware and software solutions at its Berlin headquarters. This end-to-end approach allows us to respond flexibly to customer requirements while maintaining exceptionally high quality standards.
Today, the company operates in two distinct business divisions: IQ FireWatch and IQ spacecom. IQ spacecom focuses on high-performance radio communication solutions for small satellites, including CubeSats. These systems provide efficient broadband data communication for scientific missions, Earth observation, remote sensing, and communication applications. Our hardware platforms are qualified for long-term operation in Low Earth Orbit and can be rapidly adapted to customer-specific mission requirements.
IQ FireWatch, on the other hand, provides the globally leading system for early wildfire detection. Based on multispectral optical sensors and highly sophisticated software, the system detects smoke and smoke-like phenomena in real time over large areas. Originally developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), IQ FireWatch has become a benchmark for reliable, automated wildfire detection worldwide.
a&s Adria: Your company develops and produces both software and hardware in Germany, which is relatively rare in today’s global economy. How important is it to have full control over development and production processes, especially when it comes to critical safety systems?
Fiessler: For safety-critical systems, such as early wildfire detection, full control over hardware and software development is absolutely essential. By developing both hardware and software in-house, we ensure consistent quality standards, cybersecurity by design, and full traceability across the entire system lifecycle. This allows us to react quickly to new operational requirements, regulatory changes, or emerging threat scenarios without dependency on external suppliers or opaque development chains.
Equally important is trust. Operators of critical infrastructure and public authorities need to know exactly how a system works, how data is processed, and how updates are managed. Full control over development and production gives us the ability to guarantee system integrity, long-term support, and compliance with European safety and data protection standards. In the end, this control is not a matter of convenience—it is a prerequisite for dependable, mission-critical performance.
This understanding dates back to the very origins of IQ FireWatch. In the 1990s, the German Aerospace Center evaluated satellite-based approaches for wildfire detection and concluded that they were unsuitable for time-critical early detection. Instead, optical sensors and detection software originally developed for space missions—such as imaging gas clouds during ESA’s Rosetta mission—proved far more effective when adapted for ground-based use. This marked the birth of what later became IQ FireWatch.
IQ FireWatch was subsequently developed as a dedicated solution to address the real-world challenge of detecting fires as early and reliably as possible. A good example of why this matters can be found in Germany’s State of Brandenburg, which experiences the highest number of wildfires nationwide due to its sandy soils, low rainfall, and large pine forest areas. These demanding environmental conditions made it clear early on that existing, generic technologies would not be sufficient. What was required was a purpose-built system, developed from the ground up for continuous, time-critical operation.
In its earliest form, IQ FireWatch relied on a high-resolution monochrome sensor capable of detecting smoke plumes at very long distances. This alone already represented a major technological leap compared to manual lookout towers. However, continuous development quickly became a core principle. A near-infrared (NIR) sensor was added to enable reliable smoke detection during nighttime, significantly extending the system’s operational availability. In 2017, a third sensor for high-quality color imaging was integrated, allowing even better differentiation between real smoke and visually similar phenomena such as clouds, fog, or dust.
Generational Development of Sensors
a&s Adria: Which technologies does IQ FireWatch rely on today?Fiessler: Today, IQ FireWatch is in its seventh hardware generation. The combination of monochrome, color, and near-infrared sensors—optionally complemented by a thermal infrared sensor—creates a multispectral system that delivers highly precise detection over large distances. Equally important is the software evolution. From the outset, the system relied on feature-based algorithms that were continuously refined over many years of operational use. In 2021, after extensive testing phases, a new generation of smoke detection software was introduced. It combines the well-proven feature-based algorithms with artificial intelligence, resulting in an exceptional detection rate while keeping false alarms to a minimum.
This long-term, generation-by-generation development process is only possible because all core competencies remain within the company. It is the reason why IQ FireWatch has maintained an exceptionally high quality standard for more than 25 years and why customers worldwide rely on the system for the protection of people, nature and property.
a&s Adria: Your portfolio is particularly marked by two divisions — IQ FireWatch and IQ Spacecom. Could you explain how such different but complementary technologies related to the safety of Earth and space came to be developed?
Fiessler: The company originally emerged from radio communication technology, and from this foundation two distinct business models evolved independently over time. While the application areas differ significantly—Earth-based safety systems on one side and satellite communications on the other—both divisions operate in highly specialized, technology-driven markets where reliability and performance are paramount.
Our location in Berlin-Adlershof, one of Germany’s most important science and technology hubs, has played a key role in this development. The close proximity to research institutions and high-tech companies has fostered innovation and created strong technological synergies. Many engineering principles—such as system robustness, signal processing, and qualification standards—apply equally to space and terrestrial systems.
a&s Adria: IQ FireWatch has become a globally recognized early fire-detection technology. You are actually pioneers in this field. Could you describe how your optical, multispectral system works and what makes it more reliable than other approaches, including AI cameras, drones, or satellite monitoring?
Fiessler: That is true. IQ FireWatch is a ground-based, multispectral optical detection system designed for continuous, automated monitoring of large areas. Each sensor unit is mounted on existing structures, such as radio masts or lookout towers. The installed unit performs a full, 360-degree rotation every four to six minutes, capturing images at fixed positions.
These images are processed in real time by the aforementioned advanced software. Each sensor unit can monitor a radius of up to 20 kilometers under all weather conditions, and in clear summer conditions even significantly beyond that. When smoke is detected, an alert is transmitted to the control center, where trained operators verify the event before initiating an alarm to the fire brigades.
What makes IQ FireWatch particularly reliable is the long-term optimization of both hardware and software and their well proven interplay. Unlike off-the-shelf camera systems, our sensors are specifically designed for smoke detection and have been refined over seven hardware generations. While new technologies may be valuable additions, they require years of operational experience before reaching the reliability needed for safety-critical deployment.
Satellite-based systems, for example, can deliver valuable data for fire analysis, monitoring, and forecasting. However, due to their orbit, sensor resolution, and the resulting data processing delays, they are inherently unsuited for time-critical early detection. Satellites and drones are ultimately only carrier platforms, thus the effectiveness of detection always depends on the sensor technology used. Thanks to our own expertise in satellite communications, we can realistically assess what is technically feasible in this field.
Gas sensors can only cover very small areas and must therefore be deployed in large numbers. In addition, alarms triggered by gas sensors cannot be visually verified, which can lead to unnecessary emergency responses. Drones and aircraft serve as mobile, reactive assets. They can provide valuable additional information and assist in situational assessment, but they do not replace a permanent monitoring platform.
For these reasons, ground-based optical systems offer the best price-performance ratio in early wildfire detection. Complementary technologies can add value during or after a fire—for example in damage assessment, post-fire monitoring, or redundant surveillance of particularly critical sites—but they cannot replace a continuously operating, automated early detection system. It is important to add that cost-effectiveness in forest fire prevention does not result from low acquisition costs, but from precise detection, long lifespan and moderate follow-up costs. Technologies with low detection frequencies or high error rates lead to delayed fire detection and thus to damage that far exceeds the initial savings.
Lastly and most importantly: Early wildfire detection systems must meet stringent requirements. They must continuously monitor predefined areas for wildfires, detect fires within 15 minutes, enable immediate alarm verification, and send quick, informative, error-free alerts. Currently, only terrestrial optical smoke sensors, such as IQ FireWatch, fulfill these requirements.
a&s Adria: Your equipment — such as the XLink SDR platform, patch antennas, and the GbE space-switch — is intended for small satellites, including CubeSat configurations. Can you explain how the concept of developing such a compact, “space-qualified, low-SWaP” communication system at IQ Spacecom emerged, and why this approach is essential for modern small satellites and the New Space industry?
Fiessler: The New Space industry has fundamentally changed satellite design. Missions today demand compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient systems without compromising reliability. IQ spacecom responded early to this trend by developing space-qualified communication platforms that minimize size, weight, and power consumption while maintaining high performance and flexibility.
Our Software Defined Radio (SDR) platforms, antennas, and GbE space switch were designed from the outset to support modularity and adaptability. This allows customers to tailor communication systems precisely to their mission profiles, whether for Earth observation, scientific experiments, or IoT applications in orbit.
a&s Adria: Also, what type of power supply does IQ FireWatch use, given that installations are often located in uninhabited or remote areas?
Fiessler: IQ FireWatch systems are typically powered by grid electricity. However, for remote or inaccessible locations, autonomous, solar-powered solutions are also available and have proven reliable in long-term operation. The system is designed to be highly energy-efficient, ensuring very low power consumption.
a&s Adria: In what ways does your experience in space and radio technologies influence the development of your terrestrial systems, particularly in terms of safety, reliability, and large-area coverage?
Fiessler: The quality standards in space technology are extremely high. Satellites must be tested exhaustively because failures are irreversible and costly. This mindset directly benefits IQ FireWatch. The same rigor in testing, qualification, and system design ensures exceptional reliability and long service life for our terrestrial systems.
Space Technology Hall of Fame
a&s Adria: Could you share more information with our readers about your research processes and your cooperation with institutions such as the German Aerospace Center (DLR)? You have also been included in NASA’s “Hall of Fame.”
Fiessler: As previously mentioned, the IQ FireWatch technology originated from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). We have valued our cooperation with them and many other research institutions ever since.
What marked another milestone in our history was the year 2012, when our IQ FireWatch technology was inducted into the U.S. Space Technology Hall of Fame by the Space Foundation, which works closely with NASA, ESA, and other leading space organizations. It was the first non-American technology to receive this recognition, highlighting its significance as an outstanding example of space technology improving life on Earth. That made us particularly proud.
a&s Adria: You emphasize the component of sustainability and environmental protection in your work. How does your technology contribute to environmental safety and climate resilience, especially in the context of increasing wildfires across Europe and worldwide?
Fiessler: Effective wildfire management is based on three closely interlinked pillars: prevention, early detection, and rapid suppression. All three are essential, and none can fully compensate for the absence of the others. Once a fire starts, time is the most critical resource. Fires that are detected and addressed in their very early phases can often be extinguished with minimal effort, preventing large-scale destruction. Rapid, precise alerts allow emergency services to respond faster, deploy resources more efficiently, and significantly reduce risks for firefighters. In the context of climate change and increasing wildfire frequency worldwide, this integrated approach is essential to protect people, nature and property.
a&s Adria: Can you present some of the case studies in which you used your fire alarm technology?
Fiessler: IQ FireWatch has been deployed on four continents. Installations range from Patagonia in southern Chile to large-scale monitoring projects in Argentina and Colombia, where parts of the Amazon rainforest are safeguarded. In the United States, our systems operate in California, e.g. in Napa Valley. In Europe, we protect the UNESCO World Heritage region of Sintra in Portugal, as well as sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, and Lithuania, just to name some examples. In Central Asia, our systems function reliably in Kazakhstan under extreme temperatures ranging from -40°C to +40°C. In addition to these global examples, we have 200 installations in eight German federal states.
a&s Adria: Finally, could you tell us what we can expect in the future — what innovations or evolutions do you plan in the fields of satellite communications, optical sensors, and early fire detection?
Fiessler: We continuously refine our detection algorithms and sensor technology to further improve performance across diverse terrains. While IQ FireWatch was originally developed for large forest areas, the demand is growing for protecting critical infrastructure such as railways, ports, and industrial facilities. We are adapting our technology accordingly, simplifying the system and expanding application areas, always with the same focus on reliability, safety, and long-term sustainability.
































